Mentor
David Cwiertny, Civil Engineering
Participation year
2015
Project title

Environmental fate of herbicide safeners

Abstract

Herbicide safeners are widely used, but there is little known about their effects on the environment. An herbicide, like metolachlor or acetochlor, is a substance that is toxic to plants and is used to destroy unwanted vegetation. Safeners, such as benoxacor, furilazole, dichlormid and AD-67 are combined with herbicides to reduce the effects they have on crop plants and increase their efficacy toward weed species. There has been a magnitude of research on the effects of herbicides, but very few address the safeners that are also present in all herbicide formulations. To determine these effects, we have performed laboratory experiments exploring safener fate in the environment. These include studies to determine how safeners adsorb or partition onto soil and how they degrade in sunlight via a reaction known as photolysis. Safeners undergo limited sorption onto a model, organic rich soil (Pahokee Peat). This is consistent with their low octanol-water partitioning coefficients, and suggests they will be relatively mobile in the environment (e.g., running off into the water sources around the crops being treated with herbicides). Thus, we can expect most applied safeners to end up in adjacent surface and ground water rather than binding tightly to soil. In water, we expect reaction with sunlight to be an important fate pathway for benoxacor. Benoxacor degrades relatively rapidly in sunlight with a half-life of X hours. Three products are formed in water that are both photostable (i.e., they will not further react with sunlight) and more polar (i.e., they will be more mobile in water).  Collectively, this work will better inform people about the fate and potential risks associated with the use of herbicide safeners.

Mia Fisher
Education
Towson University