Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a growing public health concern in the United States (SAMHSA, 2014). The aim of this analysis was to further evaluate differences in parental stress levels between mothers with SUDs (n = 64) and without (n = 75). The data was gathered from participants of a larger study that focused on identifying differences in brain response of mothers with and without SUDs when viewing images of their own or unknown infants (Kim et al., 2017). Participants with SUDs, aged 20-47 years, were recruited from an inpatient treatment facility in Houston, Texas. Control mothers, aged 20-42 years, were recruited from the Houston area. The Parenting Stress Index (PSI) (Abidin, 1990) is a quantitative self-report measure used to assess the total stress of the mother and her child. Additionally, the total number of life stressors was collected for each mother. The total stress score is the sum of the parent domain and the child domain based on 91 Likert style questions, with higher scores indicating higher levels of stress. The number of life stressors is calculated using the parent’s response to 19 yes/no questions that identify whether or not the parent or an immediate family member has experienced that stressful event within the past year (Johnson, 2015). Mean total stress scores did not differ significantly between groups. Mean number of life stressors was significantly different between groups, with addiction mothers experiencing a higher mean number of life stressors than control mothers. This finding may indicate that having a higher number of life stressors is a risk factor for the development of SUD.