Mentor
Daniel Tranel
Participation year
2016
Project title

A Look into Age and Relational Memory: Using Explicit and Implicit Measures to Evaluate Differences in Relational Memory in Healthy Young and Older Adults

Abstract

Relational memory involves the formation of arbitrary associations between unrelated stimuli (e.g. faces and scenes). The hippocampus makes a necessary contribution to relational memory, and this contribution can be observed in explicit and implicit measures. Explicit measures indicate that relational memory declines with age, but implicit measures have not been thoroughly studied.  Importantly, implicit measures (e.g., eye movements) can reveal memory even in the absence of conscious awareness.  The present investigation examined the relationship between relational memory performance and age using implicit and explicit measures of hippocampal-dependent relational memory. Participants were separated into three groups: younger adult (age 18-24); older adult group 1 (50-64 y.o.); and older adult group 2 (65-84 y.o.).   Participants studied face-scene pairs, and after three presentations of each pair, participants completed a three-alternative-forced-choice (3AFC) associative recognition task followed by a match-detection task (half of the test displays did not contain a studied face-scene pair). Relational memory was evaluated using both explicit measures (overt responses) and implicit measures (eye-movements). Preliminary findings suggest that explicit memory performance during the 3AFC task was selectively impaired in older adult group 2 as compared to younger adults (p = .027). However, analyses comparing eye-movements made to selected matching faces (i.e., requiring relational memory) versus selected non-matching faces (i.e., not requiring relational memory) revealed that all age groups showed early, relational-memory dependent viewing effects within 750-1000 ms. Our findings link age and with changes in explicit — but not implicit — relational memory which may be attributable to age-related hippocampal atrophy.

Alice Gavarrete Olvera
Education
Loyola Marymount University